Linux Commands
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Commands
| Command | Use |
|---|---|
| cd | Changes your current directory |
| pwd | Print the Working Directory |
| mkdir | Make a new directory |
| rmdir | Remove a directory |
| rm | Delete a file |
| rm -rf | This deletes all files and directories in the data directory, including the data directory itself |
| ls | Shows you the contents of the current working directory |
| ls -a | Use the option "-a" to see the hidden files such as ones beginning with a "." character |
| ls -l | Use the "-l" option to see a long listing of a file. Shows file permissions and the file size in bytes |
| cp | Copy a file from one location to another |
| mv | Move a file from one location to another. Can also be used to rename a file |
| cat | Concatenate several files together |
| head | Get the first x lines from the head (start) of a file or command output. e.g. 'head -1 /etc/passwd' would get one line from the start of the file /etc/passwd |
| tail | Get the last x lines from the tail (end) of a file or command output.e.g. 'head -1 /etc/passwd' would get one line from the end of the file /etc/passwd |
| chmod | Controls file permissions, allowing you to specify who can access files, search directories, and run scripts |
| file | Determine the type of a file |
| md5sum | Print or check MD5 (128-bit) checksum |
| cmp | Compare the two files byte by byte |
| find | Find files by type, content, name, age and more |
| grep | Find or search a regular expression or string in a text file |
| egrep | The grep command using extended regular expressions |
| wc | Calculates a file's word, line, character, or byte count |
| du / | Summarise disk usage. The -h flag can be used to get the answer in human readable format (such as 6.2M) |
| df / | Shows information about the file system such as available disk space |
| id | Print user and group information for the specified USER, or (when USER omitted) for the current user |
| chown | Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP |
| chgrp | Change the group of each FILE to GROUP |
| vim | Open a file in the Vim editor |
| cal | cal command is used to view the calendar of a specific month or a whole year. For example, cal 08 2000, would retrieve the calendar for August 2000 |
| ln | Create links to files or directories. By default, creates a hard link (a mirror copy) of the file |
| ln -s | Makes symbolic links instead of hard links. Soft links are links to the actual original file |
| ip route | Routing Table Management |
| ip route add | Add new route (e.g. ip route add default via 192.168.3.62 dev eth0) |
| ip address | Protocol Address Management |
| ip address add | Add new protocol address (e.g. ip address add 192.168.3.62/28 broadcast 192.168.3.63 dev eth3) |
| traceroute | Print the route packets trace to network host |
| nmap | Network exploration tool and security / port scanner |
| tcpdump | Dump traffic on a network |
| netstat | Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships |
| getenforce | Get the current mode of SELinux |
| sesearch | Search the rules in a SELinux policy |
| semanage | Semanage is used to configure certain elements of SELinux policy with-out requiring modification to or recompilation from policy source |
| which | Write the full path of COMMAND(s) to standard output |
| ps | Report a snapshot of the current processes |
| chcon | Change the SELinux security context of each FILE to CONTEXT |
| touch | Create a file without any content |
| matchpathcon | Get the default SELinux security context for the specified path from the file contexts configuration |
| restorecon | Restore file(s) default SELinux security contexts |
| getsebool | Get SELinux boolean value(s) |
| setsebool | Set SELinux boolean value(s) |
| systemctl | Control the systemd system and service manager |
| systemctl start | Start (activate) one or more units specified on the command line |
| systemctl status | Show terse runtime status information about one or more units, followed by most recent log data from the journal |
| systemctl restart | Restart one or more units specified on the command line. If the units are not running yet, they will be started |
| systemctl stop | Stop (deactivate) one or more units specified on the command line |
| iptables | Administration tool for IPv4/IPv6 packet filtering and NAT |
| route | Show / manipulate the IP routing table |
| groupadd | Create a new group |
| useradd | Create a new user or update default new user information |
| ssh | OpenSSH SSH client |
| diff | Compare files line by line |
| alias | Instructs the shell to replace one string with another string while executing the commands |
| sudo | Execute a command as another user |
| hostname | Show or set the system's host name |
| wget | Used to download files from the Web |
| cut | Remove sections from each line of files |
| sort | Sort lines of text files |
| xargs | Build and execute command lines from standard input |